Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (ACT) are available for a very large number of binary mixtures and are of great
importance if high purities need to be achieved as the real behavior of liquid mixtures can usually not be extrapolated from VLE or HPV data with
sufficient reliability. In addition, these values allow to judge the effect of extractive solvents in extractive distillation and help to decide whether
to expect azeotropic behavior or limited miscibility. In addition, this information is vital for the correct description of the behavior of
impurities and by-products, which are mostly present in low concentration. As water is the most common solvent in this data bank, ACT is also of great
value to estimate the concentrations of chemicals in waste streams. The ACT data bank is required by the process synthesis software for the
selection of entrainers for extractive distillation using DDB.
The picture on the right shows the temperature dependence of the limiting activity coefficients in the mixture acetone - water together with
curves calculated from the NRTL model with binary interaction parameters regressed simultaneously to VLE, hE and limiting activity coefficient data. If
these data are not included in the parameter regression, in most cases a very unreliable representation of the phase equilibrium behavior in the top and
bottom of the column is observed leading to a large error in the required number of stages and reflux ratio.
ACT contains 60,738 activity coefficient at infinite dilution values for 1,765 components
from 1,089 references and 17,326 different binary systems (Version 2011).
Data Tables, Monographies
| 2008 | DECHEMA Chemistry Data Series, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution. Part 6: C 17 - C 78 with D 2 O and H 2 O | Gmehling J., Tiegs D., Medina A., Soares M., Bastos J., Alessi P., Kikic I., Schiller M., Menke J. | Vol., 9.6, 6, 1-325 (2008) |
| 2007 | DECHEMA Chemistry Data Series, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution. Part 5: C 1 - C 16 | Gmehling J., Tiegs D., Medina A., Soares M., Bastos J., Alessi P., Kikic I., Schiller M., Menke J. | Vol., 9.5, 6, 1-636 (2007) |
| 1994 | DECHEMA Chemistry Data Series, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution. Part 3, 4: Supplement C 1 - C 9 , C 10 - C 36 with SO 2 , H 2 O | Gmehling J., Tiegs D., Medina A., Soares M., Bastos J., Alessi P., Kikic I., Schiller M., Menke J. | Vol., 9.3+9.4, 6, 1-505 (1994) |
| 1986 | DECHEMA Chemistry Data Series, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution. Part 1, 2: C 1 - C 9 , C 10 - C 36 | Gmehling J., Tiegs D., Medina A., Soares M., Bastos J., Alessi P., Kikic I., Schiller M., Menke J. | Vol., 9.1+9.2, 6, 1-955 (1986) |
Selected Scientific Papers
| 1999 | Bestimmung von Aktivitaetskoeffizienten bei unendlicher Verduennung mit Hilfe der Dilutor-Technik | Gruber D., Krummen M., Gmehling J. | Journal | Chem.Ing.Tech., 71, 5, 503 508 (1999) |
| 1987 | Measurement of gamma infinite using GLC. 2. Results for the Stationary Phases N-Formylmorpholine and N-Methylpyrrolidone | Weidlich U., Roehm H.-J., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 32, 4, 450 453 (1987) |
| 1987 | Measurement of gamma infinite using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 1. Results for the Stationary Phases n-Octacosane, 1-Docosanol, 10-Nonadecanone, and 1-Eicosene | Weidlich U., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 32, 2, 138 142 (1987) |
| 1986 | Extension of Unifac by Headspace Gas Chromatography. 2. | Weidlich U., Berg J., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 31, 3, 313 317 (1986) |
| 1985 | Extension of UNIFAC by Headspace Gas Chromatography | Weidlich U., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 30, 1, 95 101 (1985) |
Selected Scientific Papers (Experimental Data)
| 2009 | Measurement and Prediction of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution (gamma infinite), Vapor-Liquid Equilibria (VLE) and Excess Enthalpies (hE) of Binary Systems with 1,1-Dialkyl-Pyrrolidinium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide using Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund) | Nebig S., Liebert V., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 277, 1, 61 67 (2009) |
| 2008 | Vapour-liquid equilibria, azeotropic data, excess enthalpies, activity coefficients at infinite dilution and solid-liquid equilibria for binary alcohol-ketone systems | Abbas R., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 267, 2, 119 126 (2008) |
| 2005 | Activity Coefficient at Infinite Dilution, Azeotropic Data, Excess Enthalpies and Solid-Liquid-Equilibria for Binary Systems of Alkanes and Aromatics with Esters | Collinet E., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 230, 1-2, 131-142 (2005) |
| 2005 | Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Excess Enthalpy Data, and Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution for the Binary System Water + Methyl Lactate | Sanz M.T., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 50, 1, 85 88 (2005) |
| 2004 | Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Various Solutes in the Ionic Liquids [MMIM]+[CH3SO4]-, [MMIM]+[CH3OC2H4SO4]-, [MMIM]+[(CH3)2PO4]-, [C5H5NC2H5]+[(CF3SO2)2N]- and [C5H5NH]+[C2H5OC2H4OSO3]- | Kato R., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 226, 6, 37 44 (2004) |
| 2004 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Benzene, Toluene, Ethanol, Esters, Ketones, and Ethers at Various Temperatures in Water Using the Dilutor Technique | Atik Z., Gruber D., Krummen M., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 49, 5, 1429 1432 (2004) |
| 2004 | Influence of Water on the Vapor-Liquid Equilibria, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution and Enthalpies of Mixing for Mixtures of n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone with C5 or C6 Hydrocarbons | Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 218, 1, 69 76 (2004) |
| 2004 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution in n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone and n-Formylmorpholine and their Mixtures with Water Using the Dilutor Technique | Krummen M., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 215, 2, 283 294 (2004) |
| 2002 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 13. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases 1-Ethylpyrrolidin-2-one and 1,5-Dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one | Krummen M., Letcher T., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 47, 4, 906 910 (2002) |
| 2000 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chormatography. 12. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases N-Ethylacetamied, N,N-Diethylacetamide, Diethylphthalate, and Glutaronitrile | Krummen M., Gruber D., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 45, 5, 771 775 (2000) |
| 2000 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution in Solvent Mixtures Using the Dilutor Technique | Krummen M., Gruber D., Gmehling J. | Journal | Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., 39, 6, 2114 2123 (2000) |
| 2000 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 11. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases e-Caprolacetone and Ethyl Benzoate | Topphoff M., Gruber D., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 45, 3, 484 486 (2000) |
| 1999 | Isothermal P, x Data and Excess Enthalpies for Two Binary Systems | Strothmann B., Noll O., Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 44, 3, 379 382 (1999) |
| 1999 | Various Thermodynamic Properties for Binary Systems with Tertiary Ethers | Heine A., Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 44, 3, 373 378 (1999) |
| 1999 | Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Vapor Pressure Data for the Systems Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether + Ethanol and Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether and Water | Rarey J., Horstmann S., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 44, 3, 532 538 (1999) |
| 1999 | Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties for the System Sulfur Hexafluoride + Water | Strothmann B., Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 44, 3, 388 392 (1999) |
| 1999 | The Determination of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution with the Help of the Dilutor Technique (Inert Gas Stripping) | Gruber D., Krummen M., Gmehling J. | Journal | Chem.Eng.Technol., 22, 10, 827 831 (1999) |
| 1999 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 10. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Propylene Carbonate, and N-Ethylformamide | Topphoff M., Gruber D., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 44, 6, 1355 1359 (1999) |
| 1998 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 7. Results for Various Solutes with N-Methyl-2-piperidone as Stationary Phase | Gruber D., Langenheim D., Moollan W., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 43, 2, 226 229 (1998) |
| 1998 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 9. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases 2-Pyrrolidone and N-Methylformamide | Gruber D., Topphoff M., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 43, 6, 935 940 (1998) |
| 1997 | Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution using gas-liquid chromatography. 8. Results for 22 solutes in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 18 solutes in triethylene glycol dibutyl ether at 303.15 K and 343.15 K | Gruber D., Topphoff M., Gmehling J. | Journal | Eldata Int.Electron.J.Phys.-Chem.Data, 3, 2, 215 224 (1997) |
| 1997 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 6. Results for Systems Exhibiting Gas-Liquid Interface Adsorption with 1-Octanol | Gruber D., Langenheim D., Gmehling J., Moollan W. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 42, 5, 882 885 (1997) |
| 1997 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 5. Results for N-Methylacetamide, N,N-Dimethylacetamide, N,N-Dibutylformamide, and Sulfolane as Stationary Phases | Moellmann C., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 42, 1, 35 40 (1997) |
| 1996 | Vapor-liquid equilibria, activity coefficients at infinite dilution and heats of mixing for mixtures of N-methyl pyrrolidone-2 with C5 or C6 hydrocarbons and for hydrocarbon mixtures | Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | Fluid Phase Equilib., 119, 7, 113 130 (1996) |
| 1995 | Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Fluorobenzene, 1´,1´,1´-Trifluorotoluene and Iodoethane in Toluene | Atik Z., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Soc.Alger.Chim., 5, 2, 81 87 (1995) |
| 1994 | P-x and gamma infinite Data for the Different Binary Butanol-Water Systems at 50C | Fischer K., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 39, 2, 309 315 (1994) |
| 1993 | Messung von Aktivitaetskoeffizienten bei unendlicher Verduennung (gamma) in N-Octyl-2-pyrrolidon mittels Gas-Fluessigkeits-Chromatographie | Gmehling J., Moellmann C. | internal report | Unpublished Data, 38, 1, 1 2 (1993) |
| 1993 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Differential Ebulliometry and Non-Steady-State Gas-Liquid | Dallinga L., Schiller M., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 38, 1, 147 155 (1993) |
| 1992 | Bestimmung von Aktivitaetskoeffizienten bei unendlicher Verduennung (Henry-Koeffizienten) in verschiedenen Alkylglykoldialkylethern | Schiller M., Gmehling J. | Journal | Chem.Ing.Tech., 64, 5, 458 460 (1992) |
| 1992 | Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 4. Results for Alkylene Glycol Dialkyl Ethers as Stationary Phases | Schiller M., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 37, 4, 503 508 (1992) |
| 1989 | Measurement of gamma infinite using Gas-Liquid Chromatography. 3. Results for the Stationary Phases 10-Nonadecanone, N-Formylmorpholine, 1-Pentanol, m-Xylene, and Toluene | Knoop C., Tiegs D., Gmehling J. | Journal | J.Chem.Eng.Data, 34, 2, 240 247 (1989) |
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